Joe McConnell
There are different skin types and knowing which one you have can help you choose the right regimen and products for healthy skin.
A Cleanse-Moisturize-Tone routine is a given for a healthy skincare regimen, but different skin types have different needs. Choosing the right products, depending on your skin type (dry, oily, sensitive, or combination), can go a long way in keeping skin problems at bay. While some people have oily skin and need a water-based moisturizer, others with sensitive skin may need a product that helps them stay acne-free. So, the bottom line is knowing how to know your skin type!
What do we mean by skin type?
Skin type is categorized based on the natural characteristics of the skin and how it is affected by different conditions. “These conditions include hydration, oil production, sensitivity, and texture. Understanding your skin type is key to selecting the right skincare products and therapies to keep it healthy,” explains dermatologist Priyanka Kuri.
There are many factors that can impact your skin. These include age, regular sun exposure, other environmental factors, diseases, hormonal changes, diet, and medications. A study published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology divides the skin into various skin type classifications based on sensitivity, hydration, oiliness, elasticity, and skin tone, as well as five corresponding subcategories such as erythema, roughness, pores, wrinkles, and pigmentation, respectively.
What are the different skin types?
The most common skin types are: normal, oily, dry, combination, and sensitive.
1. Normal skin
Normal skin is balanced. It is neither too oily nor too dry. If you have normal skin, you will notice that it has minimal blemishes and a healthy glow.
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2. Oily skin
Excessive sebum and oil production on the skin often gives it a shiny appearance. With this skin type, you are likely to have acne problems and enlarged pores.
3. Dry skin
Dry skin is not sufficiently hydrated and therefore appears rough or flaky. It can also sometimes be sensitive.
4. Combination skin
Combination skin type is characterized by both oily and patchy skin, but especially around the T-zone, or forehead-nose-chin. It is more oily than any other area, while the cheeks would always appear dry.
5. Sensitive skin
This is always subject to reactions such as redness, itching or burning and this occurs especially when certain products have been used in addition to some factors present in the surrounding environment.
How to classify skin types?
There are several ways to determine your skin type. According to a study published in Cosmetics, the Fitzpatrick skin phototype classification and the Baumann skin type system are popular tools used to classify skin type.
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Fitzpatrick’s skin phototype classification method is a system that uses the response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to evaluate the skin. The method divides the types into six categories. It sets a range from “I”, which has very pale skin that always burns, never tans, to “VI”, skin that is very pigmented, dark brown or black that never burns and always tans. The classification is based on the amount of melanin pigment in the skin and how the skin reacts to sun exposure. In this method, a series of questions are asked about eye and hair color, skin color, freckles, and reaction to sun exposure.
The Baumann Skin Type System is a system of division that includes 16 distinct skin types. These are determined by a scientifically validated questionnaire known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator (BSTI). The system is based on four main skin characteristics: dry versus oily, sensitive versus resistant, pigmented with uneven tone versus non-pigmented with even tone, and prone to wrinkles versus tight and non-wrinkle prone, states this study in Dermatologic Clinics.
How to determine your skin type at home
It is very simple to understand your skin type at home. You can follow this procedure for the same.
- Start by washing your face with a gentle cleanser and patting it dry.
- Leave it on for an hour to allow the skin to return to its normal condition, making sure not to use any product.
- By looking at your skin, you will be able to see its texture. You can check if it is oily, dry, or sensitive. “You can also use blotting paper on different areas of your face to see how much oil is being absorbed; this can show if you have oily skin,” says Dr. Kuri. The decision on your skin type category is the result of these observations and tests.
Skincare for different skin types
1. Oily skin
If your skin is oily, use noncomedogenic, oil-free skin care products. Cleanse your face twice a day to remove excess oil, which will help prevent clogged pores. “Use gentle exfoliants once a week to remove dead skin cells that can cause acne. Choose lightweight, water-based moisturizers that can lock in moisture without causing more oil,” says Dr. Kuri.
Also Read: Best Water-Based Moisturizers for Oily Skin: 6 Top Picks
2. Dry skin
Hydrate your dry skin by applying a high-intensity moisturizer immediately after cleansing. Avoid alcohol, perfumes, or harsh chemicals that strip your body of natural oils. “Look for gentle hydrating cleansers instead of ones with lots of foam when you reach for them. Drink plenty of water and maybe put a humidifier in your room,” says Dr. Kuri.
3. Combination skin
Combination skin requires balancing your routine. Use different products for different areas of your face, if needed. “You can use absorbent products for your T-zone and hydrating products for dry areas,” says Dr. Kuri. Opt for a gentle cleanser that works for all skin types. Choose a lightweight, noncomedogenic moisturizer to balance out moisture. Also, use spot treatments for oily areas and rich creams for dry areas.
Read also: Best serums for combination skin: 6 top picks for proper hydration
4. Sensitive skin
Always do a patch test before using new products to check for any adverse reactions. Avoid products with fragrances, alcohol, and harsh chemicals. “Choose products specifically formulated for sensitive skin. Keep your skincare routine to a minimum to reduce the risk of irritation,” says Dr. Kuri.
What to remember when using skin care products
When trying new products in your skincare routine, make sure you keep a few things in mind.
- Always test new products on a small area of skin to check for any reactions.
- Use products as directed and avoid overuse to prevent irritation or unwanted effects.
- For best results, stick to a consistent skin care routine.
- Always use sunscreen during the day to protect your skin from UV damage.
Summary
It is very important to understand your skin type before you decide to buy products or try skin care routines for your skin. Skin types are divided into many categories such as sensitive skin, dry skin, oily skin, and combination skin. Each skin type has products that are specifically designed for the various needs of the skin. However, make sure to do a patch test before trying a new product.
